Which is NOT a phase in Hildegard Peplau's nurse-patient relationship model?

Which is NOT a phase in Hildegard Peplau's nurse-patient relationship model?

• A. Orientation
• B. Identification
• C. Exploitation
• D. Exploration

Answer: (D)

In Peplau’s nurse–patient relationship, the interaction unfolds through four distinct phases: Orientation, Identification, Exploitation, and Resolution. Exploration is not one of these formal stages. Each phase has a specific purpose: Orientation involves the patient and nurse meeting, clarifying problems, and establishing goals; Identification is when the patient responds to the nurse’s presence and a partnership begins to form; Exploitation is when the patient actively uses nursing services to address needs and work on problems with guidance from the nurse; Resolution marks the conclusion of the relationship as goals are met or care needs diminish. Because Peplau’s model explicitly includes Orientation, Identification, Exploitation, and Resolution, Exploration does not fit as a named phase.

In Peplau’s nurse–patient relationship, the interaction unfolds through four distinct phases: Orientation, Identification, Exploitation, and Resolution. Exploration is not one of these formal stages. Each phase has a specific purpose: Orientation involves the patient and nurse meeting, clarifying problems, and establishing goals; Identification is when the patient responds to the nurse’s presence and a partnership begins to form; Exploitation is when the patient actively uses nursing services to address needs and work on problems with guidance from the nurse; Resolution marks the conclusion of the relationship as goals are met or care needs diminish. Because Peplau’s model explicitly includes Orientation, Identification, Exploitation, and Resolution, Exploration does not fit as a named phase.