Which factor is not listed by Watson as a carative factor?

Which factor is not listed by Watson as a carative factor?

• A. Forming humanistic-altruistic value system
• B. Instilling faith-hope
• C. Cultivating sensitivity to self and others
• D. Strengthening flexible lines of defense

Answer: (D)

Watson's carative factors describe caring as a nurse–patient relationship that fosters healing and wholeness. They include forming a humanistic-altruistic value system, instilling faith-hope, cultivating sensitivity to self and others, developing a helping-trusting relationship, promoting expression of feelings, using problem-solving for decisions, promoting teaching and learning, providing a supportive environment, assisting with the gratification of human needs, and allowing for spiritual values. Strengthening flexible lines of defense is not part of this set; that concept comes from Neuman's Systems Model and focuses on protecting the system from stress, not on the caring processes Watson emphasizes.

Watson's carative factors describe caring as a nurse–patient relationship that fosters healing and wholeness. They include forming a humanistic-altruistic value system, instilling faith-hope, cultivating sensitivity to self and others, developing a helping-trusting relationship, promoting expression of feelings, using problem-solving for decisions, promoting teaching and learning, providing a supportive environment, assisting with the gratification of human needs, and allowing for spiritual values. Strengthening flexible lines of defense is not part of this set; that concept comes from Neuman's Systems Model and focuses on protecting the system from stress, not on the caring processes Watson emphasizes.