Among the following, which is not included in Watson's carative factors?

Among the following, which is not included in Watson's carative factors?

• A. Forming humanistic-altruistic value system
• B. Instilling faith-hope
• C. Cultivating sensitivity to self and others
• D. Strengthening flexible lines of defense

Answer: (D)

Watson's caring theory focuses on how nurses care for patients through a set of carative factors that guide the nurse–patient relationship and the healing process. The items listed in Watson’s factors include forming a humanistic-altruistic value system, instilling faith and hope, and cultivating sensitivity to self and others. The statement about strengthening flexible lines of defense does not belong to these carative factors; that concept comes from Neuman’s systems model, which describes defensive lines against stressors. Therefore, the option about strengthening flexible lines of defense is not included in Watson's carative factors, while the others fit the caring framework.

Watson's caring theory focuses on how nurses care for patients through a set of carative factors that guide the nurse–patient relationship and the healing process. The items listed in Watson’s factors include forming a humanistic-altruistic value system, instilling faith and hope, and cultivating sensitivity to self and others. The statement about strengthening flexible lines of defense does not belong to these carative factors; that concept comes from Neuman’s systems model, which describes defensive lines against stressors. Therefore, the option about strengthening flexible lines of defense is not included in Watson's carative factors, while the others fit the caring framework.